{"id":57230,"date":"2025-03-13T08:00:37","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T04:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/?p=57230"},"modified":"2025-03-13T11:02:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T07:32:35","slug":"differences-in-grammar-in-american-and-british-english","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/differences-in-grammar-in-american-and-british-english\/","title":{"rendered":"7 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/english-dialects-from-around-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a> \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 <strong>\u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2705 <strong>\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2705 <strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2705 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2705 <strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/british-english-vs-american-english\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/a> \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#a\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/a>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#b\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#c\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#d\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u201cGet\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#e\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#g\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u201cGot\u201d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#i\">\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a id=\"a\"><\/a>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b <strong>\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd39 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong> \u0648 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udd39\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"b\"><\/a>\u06f1<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639<\/strong><strong> (Collective Nouns)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 <strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627 <strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/strong> \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627 <strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639<\/strong> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #232aeb;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #232aeb;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #232aeb;\">The team is playing today.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #232aeb;\">The team is\/are playing today.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #232aeb;\">Tom\u2019s family is coming to visit.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #232aeb;\">Tom\u2019s family is\/are coming to visit.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"c\"><\/a>\u06f2<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong> (Past Tense Forms)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (\u0628\u0627 -ed \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 -ed).<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0632 -ed \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">learned<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">learnt<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">burned<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">burnt<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">dreamed<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">dreamt<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">smelled<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #1875c7;\">smelt (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b smelled \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f)<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"d\"><\/a>\u06f3<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644<\/strong><strong> (Past Participle) <\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644<\/strong><strong> &#8220;Get&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: <strong>got\/gotten<\/strong> \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0641\u0642\u0637 <strong>got<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3a71fc;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3a71fc;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3a71fc;\">I\u2019ve gotten a headache.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3a71fc;\">I\u2019ve got a headache.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3a71fc;\">He has gotten better.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3a71fc;\">He has got better.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"e\"><\/a>\u06f4<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e<\/strong><strong> (Dates)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc <\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0647+ <\/strong><strong>of<\/strong><strong> + \u0639\u062f\u062f <\/strong><strong>the+<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f + \u0645\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #2c50de;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #2c50de;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #2c50de;\">My birthday is <strong>the 9th of September<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #2c50de;\">My birthday is <strong>September 9th<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u06f9 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"f\"><\/a>\u06f5<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0627\u0632 <strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><strong> (Present Perfect)<\/strong> \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0627\u0632 <strong>\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/strong><strong> (Past Simple)<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <strong>just \/ already \/ yet<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 151px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"height: 38px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 38px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 38px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 38px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 38px;\">I just saw her.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 38px;\">I have just seen her.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 38px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 38px;\">He already finished his homework.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 38px;\">He has already finished his homework.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 37px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 37px;\">Did she leave yet?<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3320e3; height: 37px;\">Has she left yet?<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #facdcd;\">\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0631\u06af\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span> \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 <a href=\"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/teachers\/english\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a> \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-57091 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/hitalki-logo-5.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"155\" height=\"42\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/hitalki-logo-5.webp 155w, https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/hitalki-logo-5-150x42.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"g\"><\/a>\u06f6<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632<\/strong><strong> &#8220;Got&#8221; <\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: <strong>got<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: <strong>got<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><strong> (have got)<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3e61ed;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3e61ed;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3e61ed;\">I got to go. = I gotta go.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3e61ed;\">I\u2019ve got to go.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3e61ed;\">I got a new car.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0645.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #3e61ed;\">I\u2019ve got a new car.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><a id=\"h\"><\/a>\u06f7<\/strong><strong>. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Compound Nouns)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 <strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644 + \u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\ud83d\udd38 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 <strong>gerund (<\/strong><strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644<\/strong><strong> + ing) + <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #327de6;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #327de6;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #327de6;\">jump rope<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #327de6;\">skipping rope<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #327de6;\">dive board<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u062c\u0647<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-color: #327de6;\">diving board<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u062c\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"i\"><\/a>\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632: \u2705 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u2705 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u2705 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u2705 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u2705 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. &nbsp; \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":57236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57230"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57366,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57230\/revisions\/57366"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}