{"id":53512,"date":"2024-12-15T21:52:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T18:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/?p=53512"},"modified":"2025-01-16T19:19:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T15:49:37","slug":"english-for-economics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hitalki.org\/blog\/english-for-economics\/","title":{"rendered":"26 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f++\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\r\n

\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\/ \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/span><\/td>\r\nAccounts
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627:
<\/strong>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Sheila needs to check her accounts to see if she can afford the new house.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0634\u06cc\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/span><\/td>\r\nBalance Sheet
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647:
<\/strong>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

One look at the balance sheet told Arjun that the company wasn\u2019t worth investing in.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/span><\/td>\r\nCapital Gains Tax (CGT)
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647:
<\/strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Before you sell off the old farmhouse, keep in mind the capital gains tax<\/strong> that you\u2019ll have to pay.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/span><\/td>\r\nDeflation
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645:
<\/strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

The recent deflation<\/strong>, brought on by government policies, decreased the prices, but the wages went down as well.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.

<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/span><\/td>\r\nEarnings Per Share (EPS)
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0645:
<\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. EPS \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Mark\u2019s team decided to join the company because of the company\u2019s increasing earnings per share<\/strong>.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\/ \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/span><\/td>\r\nFinancial Year \/ Fiscal Year
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f2 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06f5\u06f2 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

The next fiscal year<\/strong> will begin in October 2017 and go until September 2018.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f7 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/span><\/td>\r\nGolden Rule
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Considering the dismal state of the economy, the citizens are convinced that the government hasn\u2019t followed the Golden Rule<\/strong>.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/span><\/td>\r\nHalf Year
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644:
<\/strong>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

We need to follow the half-year<\/strong> convention to calculate the company\u2019s annual taxes.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
9<\/span><\/td>\r\nIncome Tax
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f:
<\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

The loopholes in the taxation system helped the wealthy oil company owner escape millions of dollars in income tax<\/strong>, without technically violating the law.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10<\/span><\/td>\r\nJoint Account
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9:
<\/strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Tired of sharing joint accounts<\/strong> with her ex-husband, Nina opened a new bank account just for herself long before the divorce was finalized.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0634 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\/ \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
11<\/span><\/td>\r\nKeynesian Economics
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0632\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/td>\r\n		While studying the history of how economics developed as a discipline, make sure you learn about Keynesian Economics<\/strong> as well.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
12<\/span><\/td>\r\nLiquid Asset
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/td>\r\n		He insisted that I need to have enough liquid assets<\/strong> to qualify for a home loan.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0645.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
13<\/span><\/td>\r\nMacroeconomics and
Microeconomics
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f:
<\/strong>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646:\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc
\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f:\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

If you want to analyze general trends in an economy, study macroeconomics. But if you\u2019re looking to run a successful business, microeconomics is the key.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
14<\/span><\/td>\r\nNet Asset Value (NAV)
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/td>\r\n		A mutual fund\u2019s net asset value<\/strong> will tell you if your investment is worth it.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u00a0\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
15<\/span><\/td>\r\nOligopoly
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc :
<\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\r\n		If you want to make it big in an oligopoly<\/strong>, keep an eye out for rival markets and be strategic about your financial decisions.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\/ \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
16<\/span><\/td>\r\nPay As You Earn (PAYE)
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f:
<\/strong>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

I thought the PAYE<\/strong> system would cut down on my earnings, but it has actually made my life easier.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 PAYE \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
17<\/span><\/td>\r\nQuota
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0633\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647:
<\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

The new reform in the import quota<\/strong> is a great help for domestic suppliers.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
18<\/span><\/td>\r\nReal Interest Rate
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

The bank\u2019s new interest rate is 5.5% but with the rate of inflation currently at 2%, the real interest rate<\/strong> is only 3.5%.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u06f5.\u06f5\u066a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06f2\u066a\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06f3.\u06f5\u066a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
19<\/span><\/td>\r\nShareholder
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631:
<\/strong>\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

James recently became a shareholder in a major corporation.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u062c\u06cc\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
20<\/span><\/td>\r\nTax Haven
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062ad \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 (\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Jimmy wanted to know more about offshore accounts, so I told him to research tax havens<\/strong>.\u00a0
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u062c\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\/ \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
21<\/span><\/td>\r\nUnit Trust
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9:
<\/strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

If you\u2019re a first-time investor, consider partnering with a unit trust<\/strong>.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
22<\/span><\/td>\r\nValue-added Tax (VAT)
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647:
<\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Before going to a fancy restaurant, check their VAT<\/strong> rates unless you want to be surprised by the bill.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u06af\u0641\u062a \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.

<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
23<\/span><\/td>\r\nWhite Knight
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f:
<\/strong>\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Patrick Soon-Shiong is considered a white knight<\/strong> for investing in Tribune Publishing, which would have otherwise been taken over by Gannett Co.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u067e\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0646-\u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06af\u0627\u0646\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
24<\/span><\/td>\r\nX-Efficiency
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc X:
<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

John\u2019s company, being a small one, is unable to compete with the major firms. The workers know this, which is why they don\u2019t work as hard\u2014no wonder their x-efficiency<\/strong> fails.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u2014\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 (x-efficiency) \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
25<\/span><\/td>\r\nYield
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647:
<\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

What\u2019s the minimum yield<\/strong> you expect from this investment?
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
26<\/span><\/td>\r\nZombie Fund
<\/strong>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06cc:
<\/strong>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

Joe\u2019s life insurance company is nothing more than a zombie fund<\/strong>, so it\u2019s better to stay away from it.
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>
\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

\u2022 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Coursera<\/a>,\u00a0Open Culture<\/a> \u0648\u00a0Alison<\/a>. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\r\n

\u2022 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 The Guardian<\/em><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\r\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u00a0The<\/a> Economist<\/a><\/em>\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\r\n

\u2022 \u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\r\n

\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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